Reviewed
Homo Sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]
Vpu
Protein Vpu (U ORF protein) (Viral protein U)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1)
Viruses> Retro-transcribing Viruses> Retroviridae> Orthoretrovirinae> Lentivirus> Primate Lentivirus Group> Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1> HIV-1 Group N> Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1)
Various pathway(s) in which protein is involved
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MLWLGFIALGVAIIIAAIIWVLLYKEYKKIKLQEKIEQIRQKIRDRTEDRGKESDGDAEWLAILLSPDKLDNWV
74
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01-10-2000
Inferred from homology
| Amino Acid | Count | % Frequency | Amino Acid | Count | % Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alanine (A) | Leucine (L) | ||||
| Arginine (R) | Lysine (K) | ||||
| Asparagine (N) | Methionine (M) | ||||
| Aspartic Acid (D) | Phenylalanine (F) | ||||
| Cysteine (C) | Proline (P) | ||||
| Glutamine (Q) | Serine (S) | ||||
| Glutamic Acid (E) | Threonine (T) | ||||
| Glycine (G) | Tryptophan (W) | ||||
| Histidine (H) | Tyrosine (Y) | ||||
| Isoleucine (I) | Valine (V) |
| % Number of Residues in Helices | % Number of Residues in Strands | % Number of Residues in Coils |
|---|---|---|
Enhances virion budding by targeting host CD4 and Tetherin/BST2 to proteasome degradation. Degradation of CD4 prevents any unwanted premature interactions between viral Env and its host receptor CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Degradation of antiretroviral protein Tetherin/BST2 is important for virion budding, as BST2 tethers new viral particles to the host cell membrane. Mechanistically, Vpu bridges either CD4 or BST2 to BTRC, a substrate recognition subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase, induces their ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The alteration of the E3 ligase specificity by Vpu seems to promote the degradation of host IKBKB, leading to NF-kappa-B down-regulation and subsequent apoptosis. Ion channel activity has also been suggested, however, formation of cation-selective channel has been reconstituted ex-vivo in lipid bilayers. It is thus unsure that this activity plays a role in vivo.
Not Available
GO:0005261 ; GO:0016021 ; GO:0019076 ; GO:0032801 ; GO:0033644 ;
GO:0039502 ; GO:0039587 ; GO:0042609
GO:0039502 ; GO:0039587 ; GO:0042609
♦ Host membrane
♦ Single-pass type I membrane protein .
♦ Single-pass type I membrane protein .
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Predicted/Modelled
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Protein couldn't be modeled using I-Tasser and Raptor X because of length constraints of the software.
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- Million Molecules
Best 20 Hit molecules
Not Available