What is Genome analysis ?

Segments of genome called genes determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins. The mechanism is simple for the prokaryotic cell where all the genes are converted into the corresponding mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) and then into proteins. The process is more complex for eukaryotic cells where rather than full DNA sequence, some parts of genes called exons are expressed in the form of mRNA interrupted at places by random DNA sequences called introns. Of the several questions posed here, one is that how some parts of the genome are expressed as proteins and yet other parts (introns as well as intergenic regions) are not expressed.
       Genome analysis problem entails the prediction of genes in uncharacterized genomic sequences. The 21st century has seen the announcement of the draft version of the human genome sequence. Model organisms have been sequenced in both the plant and animal kingdoms. As we begin the new millennium, the major goal of molecular biology is to obtain the complete sequences of as many genomes as possible. A comparison of the genome sizes of different organisms (Table 1) raises questions like what types of genetic modifications are responsible for the four times large genome size of wheat plant and seven times small size of the rice plant as compared to that of humans. Mice and humans contain roughly the same number of genes . about 28K protein coding regions. The chimp and human genomes vary by an average of just 2% i.e. just about 160 enzymes.